Flap surgery is a procedure where the gum flap is lifted away from the tooth. Diseased tissue and sometimes bone is removed.

Advanced periodontal disease results in the loss of supporting bone that surrounds the teeth. Bone regeneration may be necessary using the patient's own bone or various bone substitutes.

When a tooth is extracted and an implant is to be placed (either simultaneously or in the future) it is always necessary to complete bone grafting within the residual sockets that are left behind after the roots of the tooth are removed.

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure that recontours the gum tissue and often the underlying bone of a tooth.

A gingival tissue graft will restore the proper gum tissue structure around the tooth.

Laser therapy has been shown to improve circulation and increase the components that speed healing, referred to as Biostimulation.

After scaling the tooth roots may need to be planed to smooth the root surface. Soft tissue will re-attach itself to a smooth tooth surface.

Since periodontal diseases are caused by localized bacterial infections, antibiotics and/or disinfectants play a role in treatment. But due to possible side-effects, including allergies, the role is secondary to mechanical tooth cleaning.

When it comes to any type of oral surgery, there are important steps that must be followed before and after treatment. Find out more here.